美国早期教育与保育体系的主要构成、基本特征及发展趋势

The Main Composition,Basic Characteristics and Development Trend of Early Childhood Education and Care System in the United States

美国的早期教育与保育体系覆盖出生至义务教育起始年龄的儿童,它由开端计划体系、保育服务购买体系以及公立学校体系(幼儿园与前幼儿园教育项目)等三个主要体系构成。各构成体系定位有别,服务对象、服务形式和经费渠道不同,但整体上仍存在保教服务容量不足、保教服务质量不高、保教服务各项目之间协作不够等问题。因此,其未来的发展有必要从增量、提质以及加强合作等方面着手。美国早期教育与保育体系的发展启示我们,推进我国早期教育公平优质发展,应进一步加大扶弱力度,切实加紧扶弱政策的贯彻落实。

Early childhood education and care system in the United States covers children from birth to the beginning of compulsory education,which consists of three main systems,i.e.the Head Start and Early Head Start system,the purchase of care system and the public school system.The three main systems are different in orientation and in terms of service objects,service forms and funding channels,but as a whole,there are still problems such as insufficient capacity,low quality and insufficient cooperation among the projects.Therefore,it is necessary to promote quality and strengthen cooperation in its future development.The development of early childhood education and care system in the United States enlightens us that to promote the fair and quality development of early education in China,we should further strengthen the efforts to support the disadvantaged and step up the implementation of the policy of supporting the disadvantaged.