中国农村老人不同类型的劳动供给差异及影响因素研究

Study on the Differences and Influencing Factors of Different Types’Elderly Labor Supply in Rural China

随着城镇化和工业化的快速推进,现代城市经济逐步融入农村,农村老人的劳动供给呈现多元化的趋势。本文把有收入的农村老年人劳动供给分成三大类:农业劳动、受雇劳动和个体经营劳动,利用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,分别探讨了三种类型的农村老人劳动供给差异及影响因素。结果显示:当劳动报酬增加相同的比例时,农村老人劳动供给时间增加的程度大小依次为:个体经营劳动>受雇劳动>农业劳动;受教育程度与农村老人受雇劳动和个体经营性劳动时间供给之间呈显著的正向变化关系,与农业劳动时间呈负向变化的关系;交通道路情况越好,越有利于老人从事受雇劳动和个体经营劳动。

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,the modern urban economy has spread into the rural areas,and the labor supply of the rural elderly is showing a trend of diversification.This paper divides the labor supply of the rural elderly into three categories:agricultural labor,employed labor and self-employed labor.Using the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,this paper discusses the differences and influencing factors of three types of rural elderly labor supply respectively.The results show that when the labor pay increases by the same amount,labor supply increased in the following,the rural elderly people in order from high to low:self-employed labor>employed labor>agricultural labor.There is a significant positive relationship between the education level and the employment and self-employed labor time of the rural elderly;there is a negative relationship between the education level and the time of agricultural labor.The traffic condition is good for the elderly to engage in employment and self-employed labor.