重金属污染土壤修复技术研究现状及发展方向

Research status and development of remediation technology for heavy metal contaminated soil

人类的生存与发展离不开土壤,近年来随着工业的快速发展,重金属污染土壤的问题日益显现,不仅造成了生态环境的破坏,还出现了生物富集现象,最终将危及人类自身,因此很有必要对受重金属污染的土壤进行治理。指出了土壤重金属污染的危害和来源,综述了重金属污染土壤修复技术研究现状,当前主要有物理修复技术、化学修复技术、生物修复技术、生物质炭修复技术以及复合修复技术。单一修复技术需要综合考虑其适用性、修复效果、成本、修复时间等,并须对已修复土壤进行长期监测,因此探索其他经济、高效、环保的修复技术或者复合修复技术将是未来重金属污染土壤修复技术的发展方向。

Soil is fundamental for survival and development of human beings.Together with the continuous improvement in industries,the soil increasingly contaminated by heavy metal is not only destroying ecological environment,but also bringing about bio-concentration,and ultimately endangering human beings,therefore it is necessary to deal with the soil contaminated by heavy metals.The harm and source of heavy metal pollution to soil were studied.The philosophy and applicability of physical remediation technology,chemical remediation technology,bioremediation technology,biochar remediation technology and composite remediation technology were presented.The study shows that applicability,remediation effect,cost,remediation time should be taken into consideration comprehensively for since single remediation technology,and all the remedied soil should be monitored for a long time.Promising development of technology for disposal of heavy metal contaminated soil will be focused on studying more cost effective,efficient and environmental friendly soil remediation technologies or composite soil remediation approaches.