日本股东大会决议之诉的体系与借鉴

Japan’s System of Action for Resolutions of Shareholders’General Meeting and Its Reference

日本股东大会决议瑕疵效力采用“三分法”的立法模式,故其股东大会决议之诉包括决议无效、撤销和不存在三种诉讼形态。对于三种诉讼的种类归属,日本理论界存在一定的争议。日本股东大会决议之诉的适格原告包括公司股东、董事、清算人、执行官和监事,适格被告为公司。《日本公司法》对三种股东大会决议之诉的提起事由、担保及合并审理等内容进行了规定,并针对股东大会决议撤销之诉设置了特殊的起诉期间和裁量驳回制度。日本股东大会决议之诉判决具有片面对世效力,原告胜诉判决对不特定第三人发生法律效力。借鉴日本立法,我国应对股东大会决议之诉合并审理和判决既判力问题在立法上进行规定。

The legislative mode of“trichotomy”is adopted for the defective effect of the resolution of Japan’s shareholders’meeting.Therefore,the lawsuit of the resolution of Japan's shareholders’meeting includes three kinds of litigation forms:invalid resolution,revocation and non-existence.There are some disputes in the Japanese academia about the category attribution of the three lawsuits.The qualified plaintiffs in the lawsuit against the resolution of the Japanese shareholders’meeting include shareholders,directors,liquidators,executives and supervisors of the company,and the qualified defendants are the company.The“Japan Company Law”provides for the grounds for filing,guarantee and merger hearing of three kinds of actions against resolutions of the shareholders’meeting,and sets up a special prosecution period and discretionary dismissal system for revocation suits.The lawsuit judgment of the resolutions of the Japan shareholders’meeting has the one-side intermediate effectiveness,and the judgment in favor of the plaintiff has the legal effect on the unspecified third party.Drawing lessons from Japanese legislation,China should legislate on the issues of merger hearing and res judicata for the resolution of shareholders’meeting.