公私合作视角下海上民兵参与国家海洋维权活动研究

The Maritime Militia’s Participation in National Maritime Rights Protection Activities from the Perspective of Public-Private Cooperation

“海上民兵”是指在海洋和岛礁活动的不脱离生产的群众性武装组织,其参与国家海洋维权活动本质上是海洋治理中公私力量合作的有益尝试。出于争议海域内国家履行相关国际义务与维权主体对等的考量,国家需在争议海域内开展适度的维权活动。海上民兵作为传统执法力量的补充,其低强度的维权方式满足适度执法的要求,有利于降低维权成本,强化国家主权和管辖权。海上民兵身份具有公私混合的二重性,这既为其开展海洋维权活动提供有利条件,又招致潜在争议。我国需预防因海上民兵武力使用不当而引发的军事对抗和国家使用武力问题,为此应加强海上民兵参与海洋维权活动的管理和规范工作。

Maritime Militia refers to the mass armed organizations operating in the oceans and islands that are not separated from production.Their participation in national maritime rights protection activities is essentially a beneficial attempt of public-private cooperation in the marine governance.In view of the consideration of countries’fulfillment of relevant international obligations and the equality of law enforcement bodies in the disputed waters,countries should carry out appropriate rights protection activities in the disputed waters.As a supplement to the traditional law enforcement force,the militia’s low-intensity way of safeguarding rights meets the requirements of moderate law enforcement,which is beneficial to reducing the cost of safeguarding rights and strengthening national sovereignty and jurisdiction.The identity of maritime militia has the dualistic nature of public and private mixture,which not only provides favorable conditions for its maritime rights protection activities,but also causes potential disputes.China needs to prevent the military confrontation and the use of force caused by the maritime militia,so it is necessary for the country to strengthen the management and standardization of the maritime militia’s participation in the maritime rights protection activities.