土壤类型对毛竹林氮素流失的影响

Effects of Soil Types on Nitrogen Runoff of Phyllostachys edulis Forests

为探究土壤类型对毛竹笋用林氮素流失的影响,提升毛竹林土壤氮素管理水平。研究通过在黄红壤和红壤毛竹林中建立径流场,收集不同类型毛竹林径流水,检测NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、TN和TP的含量。结果表明,黄红壤毛竹林径流水中NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN的含量分别为0.26~0.71 mg·L^(-1)、0.36~1.63 mg·L^(-1)和0.93~3.89 mg·L^(-1),红壤毛竹林径流水中NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN的含量分别为0.12~0.47 mg·L^(-1)、0.34~0.90 mg·L^(-1)和0.91~2.68 mg·L^(-1),总体表现为黄红壤高于红壤。与含量相反,年度流失量表现为红壤高于黄红壤,其中黄红壤毛竹林NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN年度流失量分别为1.54~9.35 g·hm^(-2)、2.78~10.41 g·hm^(-2)和8.09~31.54 g·hm^(-2),红壤毛竹林NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN年度流失量分别为3.72~13.20 g·hm^(-2)、6.94~24.75 g·hm^(-2)和26.18~65.72 g·hm^(-2)。相关性分析结果表明TN与NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和TP之间均具有极显著相关关系(P<0.001)。表明对于毛竹林来说,红壤比黄红壤更易发生氮、磷等养分流失,需要有针对性地提升竹林管理水平。

Phyllostachys edulis is an excellent bamboo species,this study aims to research the effect of soil types on nitrogen runoff of Phyllostachys edulis forests,and improve soil nitrogen management level.Typical Phyllostachys edulis forests in yellow-red soil and red soil areas were selected,eighteen runoff fields were established and the NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,TN,TP in runoff samples were tested.The result showed that in yellow-red soil Phyllostachys edulis plantation the contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N and TN in runoff water were 0.26~0.71 mg·L^(-1),0.36~1.63 mg·L^(-1)and 0.93~3.89 mg·L^(-1),respectively,and in red soil Phyllostachys edulis plantation the contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N and TN in runoff water were 0.12~0.47 mg·L^(-1),0.34~0.90 mg·L^(-1)and 0.91~2.68 mg·L^(-1),respectively.On the contrary,the annual runoff amount of red soil was higher than that of yellow red soil.In yellow-red soil Phyllostachys edulis plantation,the average runoff amount of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N and TN were 1.54~9.35 g hm^(-2),2.78~10.41 g·hm^(-2)and 8.09~31.54 g·hm^(-2),respectively,and in red soil Phyllostachys edulis plantation,the average runoff amount of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N and TN were 3.72~13.20 g·hm^(-2),6.94~24.75 g hm^(-2)and 26.18~65.72 g·hm^(-2),respectively.There were significant correlations between TN and NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N and TP(P<0.001).If the annual average runoff amount of 301.26 g·hm^(-2)and 22.46 g·hm^(-2)for TN and TP has been used to calculate the TN and TP runoff in Phyllostachys edulis plantation in China,the total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from Phyllostachys edulis plantation under intensive management in China was 289.21 t·y-1 and 21.56 t·y-1,respectively,accounting for 0.0107%and 0.0076%of the total annual emission of nitrogen and phosphorus for the whole country.In sum,red soil was more prone to loss nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutrients than yellow-red soil,and it is necessary to improve the management level in Phyllostachys edulis plantation.This may provide a theoretical reference for the precise nitrogen management of Phyllostachys edulis plantation.