石灰在山药贮藏防病中的应用研究

Study on the Application of Lime in Yam Storage for Disease Prevention

【目的】山药贮藏过程常受病原物侵染危害而造成一定损失,但目前对其病害防治主要依靠化学农药。为减少化学药剂对环境的污染,提高食品安全,探究了石灰对山药贮藏期间病害的防治效果。【方法】选取潍坊市主栽品种大和长芋山药为研究材料,室内接种青霉菌后,分析了石灰与黏土的9个不同配比对青霉菌的抑制活性,同时进行了冷库贮藏试验。【结果】室内接种测定和冷库试验结果均显示熟石灰和黏土按照2:5的配比处理山药的防效最好,对筛选出的石灰泥最佳配比进行冷库贮藏中试试验,发现贮藏3个月后山药没有生霉腐烂,但端部切口处需切掉厚度约2~3 cm后才会出现白色组织。【结论】石灰和黏土按照2:5的比例处理山药能有效减少贮藏期间的腐烂损失,对山药产业的绿色发展具重要意义。

[Objective]Yam is often damaged by pathogens during its storage,but the disease control mainly depends on chemical pesticides.In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by chemicals and improve food safety,control effects of lime on yam diseases during its storage was studied.[Method]The main variety Dahechangyu yam in Weifang was selected as the research material.After the indoor inoculation with Penicillium,the inhibitory activities of nine different ratios of lime and clay on Penicillium were analyzed,and the cold storage test was also carried out.[Result]The results of the indoor inoculation test and cold storage test showed that the control effect of yam treated with hydrated lime and clay according to the ratio of 2:5 was the best.The cold storage pilot test was carried out for the selected optimal ratio of lime mud.It was found that the yam was not moldy and rotten after 3 months of storage,but the white tissue could not appear until the thickness of about 2-3 cm was cut off at the end incision.[Conclusion]The results showed that the ratio of lime and clay with 2:5 could effectively reduce the decay loss during the storage,which was of great significance to the green development of yam industry.