基于FMEA的建筑施工HSE风险预警研究

Research on HSE risk early warning of building construction based on FMEA

为更好结合施工实际现场情况实现建筑施工过程中的HSE(health, safety and environment)风险预警有效性和可操作性,将失效模式及影响分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)引入建筑施工的HSE管理过程。依据现场施工检查的特点及建筑施工相关法规构建了建筑施工过程中的HSE风险预警指标和主要失效模式,通过施工现场监控数据对建筑施工过程的HSE风险指标从其可能性、严重度、难检度3个维度进行评价并计算确定其风险顺序度数,从而构建出符合实际施工FMEA特点的基本预警流程。为更好利用专业管理人员的经验知识,在计算过程中通过三角模糊函数实现对预警指标的模糊评价的定量化,并结合熵值法优化权重,减少主观评价偏差。在某体育场馆建设项目中的应用证明了FMEA在建筑施工HSE风险预警中的有效性和可操作性。

In order to better integrate the actual site conditions of the construction to realize the HSE(health,safety and environment) risk early warning effectiveness and operability during building construction process,the failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA) method is introduced into the HSE management process of the construction. According to the characteristics of on-site construction inspection and relevant regulations of building construction, the HSE risk early warning indicators and main failure modes during construction are constructed. The HSE risk indicators of the construction process are evaluated based on the construction site monitoring data from three dimensions of possibility, severity and difficulty to check with, and the risk order degree is calculated and determined. A basic early warning process that conforms to the characteristics of actual construction FMEA analysis is constructed. In order to make better use of the professional knowledge of professional managers, the fuzzy evaluation of early warning indicators is realized by the triangular fuzzy function in the calculation process, and the entropy method is used to optimize the weight and reduce the subjective evaluation bias. The validity and operability of the FMEA method in HSE risk warning of building construction are proved by a stadium construction project.