海南岛昌化江河口海域生物体重金属富集特征与概率健康风险评价

The characteristics of heavy metal enrichment and probabilistic health risk assessment of organisms from Changhua river estuary in Hainan Island

本文分析了海南岛昌化江河口海域12种海洋生物体中5种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和As)的含量及其对重金属的富集特征,并评价其食用健康风险。结果表明,除As外,生物体中重金属平均含量表现为甲壳类(虾蟹)>双壳贝类>鱼类;生物体内重金属含量均为Zn最高,Cd最低,均未超过《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2017)的标准。生物富集系数(BCF)与非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明,本研究的海洋生物易从海水中富集重金属,Cu和Zn是生物普遍富集的金属元素,对不同种类而言,鱼类对As的富集明显,双壳贝类和虾类对Pb富集能力较强,远海梭子蟹对Cd的富集显著。健康风险评价结果表明,非致癌健康风险可以忽略不计,但长期食用可能会引起潜在的致癌健康风险。蒙特卡罗模拟结果表明,As是主要食用健康风险元素,分别占非致癌和致癌风险贡献总方差的56.44%和89.63%,日常摄入率(IR)对健康风险的贡献方差较小。

The contents of 5 heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and As) and their characteristics of metal enrichement in 12 marine organism species from Changhua river estuary in Hainan Island were analyzed, and their edible health risks were evaluated. The results showed that, except for As, the average contents of heavy metals in organisms were sequenced by crustaceans(shrimp and crabs) > bivalves > fish;the content of Zn was the highest, while that of Cd was the lowest, all the heavy metals contents did not exceed the standard of the Maximum Levels of Contaminations in Foods(GB 2762-2017). Bioconcentration factors(BCF) and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS) analysis showed that organisms enriched metals from seawater easily, Cu and Zn were the common enriched metals by organisms. For different organism species, As was enriched obviously in the fishes, Pb was enriched in bivalves and shrimps stronger, while Cd was enriched in Portunus pelagicus significantly. The edible health risk assessment results showed that non-carcinogenic health risks were negligible, but long-term consumption of seafood may cause a potential carcinogenic risk. Monte Carlo simulation results showed that As was the main edible risk element, accounting for 56.44% and 89.63% of the total variance of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk contributions, respectively, and oral ingestion rate(IR)contributed to health risk with low variance.