考虑充电排队时间的电动汽车混合交通路网均衡

Mixed traffic network equilibrium with battery electric vehicles considering charging queuing time

为分析充电排队时间对电动汽车用户路径选择以及路网均衡的影响,分别考虑充电排队时间与充电站充电流量、充电时间与充电量的关系,构建了相应的混合交通路网模型。证明了解的唯一性,并推导了混合交通网络模型对应的KKT条件,证明其与Wardrop第一原理等价。基于梯度投影法设计了求解算法,构建了一个算例验证了模型及算法的有效性。研究结果表明:固定排队时间下的最优解对应的充电站充电流量分布不唯一,非固定排队时间下的最优解对应的充电站充电流量分布唯一。在非固定排队时间下,电动汽车用户为了规避过长的充电排队时间,充电站充电流量分布会更加均衡;服务能力对充电站利用率的均衡性有显著影响;路网的总充电排队时间以及总出行时间随充电站服务能力的增大而逐渐减少。

In order to analyze the influence of charging queuing time on the path selection of electric vehicle users and network equilibrium,a mixed traffic network model was established by considering the charging queuing time in relation to charging flows and charging time in relation to the charging amount.We proved the uniqueness of the solution and derived the KKT conditions corresponding to the mixed traffic network equilibrium,which was proven to be equivalent to the Wardrop's first principle.The solution algorithm was designed based on the gradient projection method and an example network was tested to verify the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm.The research results show that the charging flow distribution among charging stations corresponding to the optimal solution under the fixed queuing time is not unique,while it is unique under the non-fixed queuing time.With the non-fixed queuing time,charging flows distribute more evenly among charging stations as travelers try to avoid excessive charging queuing time;Service capacity of charging stations has a significant impact on the balance of the utilization rates of charging stations;Total charging queuing time and total trip time gradually decrease as the service capacity of charging stations increases.