德、美、英、日四国职业教育本科层次教育比较研究

A Comparative Study of Undergraduate level of Vocational Education in Germany,the United States,the United Kingdom and Japan

职业教育本科是职业教育体系中的较高层次,德国、美国、英国和日本职业教育本科在发展历程、产生方式、办学载体、教育教学方面形成了一定的模式。在发展历程方面与该国产业发展密切相关,包括职教主线型、职普并行型和职普合一型等实现路径;在产生方式方面与该国职业教育发展和教育体系架构紧密相连,包括升格方式、衍生方式和混合方式;在办学载体方面与该国职业教育体系互为支撑,包括应用科技大学、多科技术学院、社区学院、普通大学等载体;在教育教学的培养目标、专业设置、课程设置、培养过程和招生方式上各具特色。通过比较分析四国职业教育本科,我国在发展职业教育本科过程中必须结合各区域产业发展实际开展试点工作,优先考虑优质职业教育院校作为办学载体,教育教学突出职业教育类型属性。

Undergraduate vocational education is a higher level in the vocational education system.In Germany,the United States,the United Kingdom and Japan,undergraduate vocational education has formed a certain mode in the development process,production mode,school-running carrier,education and teaching.In terms of the development process,it is closely related to the development of the domestic industry,including such the realization paths as the main line of vocational education,the parallel type of vocational education and general education,and the integration type of vocational education and general education;In terms of production mode,it is closely connected with the development of vocational education and the structure of education system,including upgrading mode,derivative mode and mixed mode;In terms of school-running carrier,it supports each other with the national vocational education system,including applied science and technology university,multidisciplinary technology college,community college,ordinary university and other carriers;In terms of education and teaching,the training objectives,specialty setting,curriculum setting,training process and enrollment methods have their own characteristics.Through the comparative analysis of the four countries undergraduate vocational education,in the process of developing undergraduate vocational education in China,we must carry out pilot work in combination with the actual industrial development of various regions,give priority to high-quality vocational education colleges as school-running carriers,and highlight the type attribute of vocational education in education and teaching.