陆费逵的语言文字教育改革思想

Lufei Kui's Thought on Reforming Chinese Language Education

陆费逵从他早年参加反清革命活动的经历中,意识到普及教育、提高人民素质对国家和社会的重要性。他不仅在教育和出版领域为国家和人民服务近40年,而且在1906年就开始提出语言政策和规划的思想和方案,一生为民族语言的统一和标准化、通俗语言的普及而努力。他提出统一国语,用注音字母辅助汉字学习,采用俗体字;积极出版白话文教科书、工具书和新文化书刊;创办国语国音学校,出版相关的书籍、留声机片等。现代汉语发展到今天,其状况和陆费逵的构想相差不多,这和他能够从全局考虑,深刻理解汉语言演变的规律,以及他一生的努力有关。他的思想为语言统一、汉字简化工作提供了重要参考,他为汉语现代化、教育普及、知识传承和更新做出了很多贡献。本文试图探讨陆费逵的语言文字教育改革思想,推广语言标准的实践,对1949年以后语言文字改革的影响,以及这一思想形成的背景。

Lufei Kui realized the importance of popularizing education and improving the quality of the people to the country and society from his participation in anti-Qing revolutionary activities in early years.He not only served the country and the people with forty-year endeavors in education and publishing,but also put forward the thought on language policies and plans as early as in 1906.Lufei devoted his lifetime to the unification and standardization of national language and the popularization of plain language.He proposed to unify the national language,use phonetic letters to assist the learning of Chinese characters and adopt the popular form of characters;actively published textbooks,reference books and new culture books in vernacular;established schools of teaching with Mandarin and government-approved pronunciations,and published related books and phonograph films.The development of modern Chinese to this day is just like what Lufei Kui conceived,owing to his ability to think across the board and deeply understand the laws of evolution of the Chinese language,as well as his lifelong efforts.His thought provides an important reference for language unification and Chinese character simplification.He has made lots of contributions to the modernization of Chinese,the popularization of Chinese language education,the inheritance and update of related knowledge.The paper attempts to explore the thought of Lufei Kui on language education reform and his practices in promoting language standards,his influences on language reforms after 1949,and the background of forming his thought.