战火中的知识传播——以1947年晋冀鲁豫《人民日报》中的新华书店为例

Spreading Knowledge in Wartime:Reports on Xinhua Bookstore in the People's Daily(Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Edition)in 1947

新华书店始创于1937年4月,是我国文化宣传系统中历史久远、体系庞大的组织机构,对于不同历史时期中国人民的文化生活具有重要意义,在战争背景下更有其特殊的地位。本文主要对1947年晋冀鲁豫《人民日报》中报道的新华书店进行文本分析,以理解在战争背景下,边区军民是如何在具体的社会肌理中组织开展图书出版发行、知识传播、舆论宣传、文化建设等工作,进而发掘战时基层知识传播的历史场景,丰富对于近代中国出版发行史的研究。研究表明,在解放战争从防御阶段走向反攻阶段的重要时期,边区新华书店不畏艰难,利用各种方法将时局论著、翻身课本、通俗读物、各类专业书籍送达县级以上干部及基层农民、小学教员、儿童的手中;并且广泛参与到边区生产节约、文化建设运动中,不仅巩固了根据地的生产生活、文化建设和基层组织局面,甚至对战局的变化都存有不可低估的作用,为解放战争的胜利贡献了力量。

Founded in April 1937,Xinhua Bookstore is a large organization with a long history in China's cultural and publicity system,and it has been of great significance to the Chinese people's cultural life in different historical periods.In particular,Xinhua Bookstore played a special role in wartime.This paper focuses on a textual analysis of the reports on Xinhua Bookstore in the People's Daily(Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Edition)in 1947,to figure out how the army and the people in the border areas organized and carried out book publishing and distribution,knowledge dissemination,publicity,and cultural improvement in a specific social setting during the war,and on this basis explore the historical scenes of knowledge spreading at the grassroots level in wartime,so as to enrich the study of the history of publishing and distribution in modern China.According to the study,during the critical period when the War of Liberation was moving from the defensive phase to the counter-offensive phase,Xinhua Bookstore was not daunted in the face of difficulties,but tried every means to deliver books on current affairs,textbooks on pursuit of emancipation,fiction books,and books on different fields of study to officials at the county level and above,as well as grassroots peasants,elementary school teachers,and children.What's more,Xinhua Bookstore also took part in a broad range of activities on production saving and cultural improvement in the border areas,which helped to strengthen the production,life,and cultural progress of the base areas,as well as the performance of grassroots organizations,and even played a role in causing positive changes in the war situation,thus making a contribution to the victory of the Liberation War.