重庆市某区2019年居民烟草使用现况调查

Status survey of tobacco use in a district of Chongqing,2019

目的了解2019年重庆市某区年龄≥15岁常住居民烟草使用情况,为制定有效的控烟措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取重庆市某区1800名年龄≥15岁常住居民作为调查对象进行问卷调查,采用吸烟率、现在吸烟率、戒烟率、被动吸烟率等指标描述调查对象烟草使用现况。结果调查对象中吸烟者481人,吸烟率为26.7%。其中现在吸烟者383人,现在吸烟率21.3%。调查对象平均开始吸烟年龄中位数为18.0岁,15岁以前开始每日吸烟者占比7.6%,在15~18岁开始每日吸烟者占比25.2%。不同性别、职业及婚姻状况调查对象的现在吸烟率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05):男性(40.9%)远高于女性(2.0%);军人(42.9%)和生产、运输设备操作人员及有关人员(37.3%)相对较高,在校学生最低(5.5%);离婚者(33.3%)高于已婚者(22.7%)和未婚者(15.5%)。调查对象被动吸烟情况的有效样本数为1413人,有795人每周均会接触二手烟,被动吸烟率为58.6%。家中有人吸烟的调查对象人数为770人(54.5%),其中家中每天都有人吸烟的调查对象人数为429人(30.4%)。过去30 d内,509人(36.1%)的工作场所有人在室内吸烟,1064人(75.5%)留意到有人在室内公共场所吸烟。在针对吸烟者戒烟行为的调查中纳入了392名有吸烟史的调查对象,其中166人戒过烟(42.3%),成功戒烟者39人,戒烟率为9.9%。在针对戒烟态度的调查中,21人(5.4%)表示准备在1个月内戒烟,49人(12.5%)考虑在1年内戒烟,219人(55.9%)表示不想戒烟。成功戒烟者中,平均戒烟年限为7.11年。不同吸烟情况调查对象的高血压患病率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重庆市某区年龄≥15岁常住居民吸烟和被动吸烟状态仍处于中高水平,居民戒烟知行分离,控烟形势仍较严峻。应根据居民吸烟影响因素进行针对性干预,进一步寻找综合有效的控烟措施。此外,需继续加强青少年控烟宣传,制定有效的青少年控烟策略。

Objective To understand the tobacco use of permanent residents aged≥15 years in a district of Chongqing in 2019,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective tobacco control measures.Methods Using a stratified multistage random sampling method,1800 permanent residents aged≥15 years in a district of Chongqing were selected as survey respondents for a questionnaire survey,and the current status of tobacco use among the survey respondents was described using the indices of smoking rate,current smoking rate,quit rate,and passive smoking rate.Results There were 481 smokers among the survey respondents,with a smoking rate of 26.7%.Among them,383 were current smokers,and the current smoking rate was 21.3%.The mean median age of the survey respondents to start smoking was 18.0,7.6%of the respondents started smoking daily before the age of 15,and 25.2%of the respondents started smoking daily between the ages of 15 and 18.The differences in the prevalence of current smoking among survey respondents by sex,occupation,and marital status were statistically significant(P<0.05):It was much higher among men(40.9%)than women(2.0%);relatively higher among military personnel(42.9%)and production and transportation equipment operators and related personnel(37.3%),and lowest among students(5.5%);higher among divorcees(33.3%)than among the married(22.7%)and the unmarried(15.5%).The valid sample size for passive smoking among survey respondents was 1413,and 795 were exposed to secondhand smoke every week,with a passive smoking rate of 58.6%.The number of respondents who smoked in their homes was 770(54.5%),of which 429(30.4%)smoked every day in their homes.In the past 30 days,509 people(36.1%)had someone smoking indoors at their workplace,and 1064 people(75.5%)noticed someone smoking indoors in public places.The survey on smoking cessation behavior of smokers included 392 respondents with a history of smoking,166 of whom attempted to quit(42.3%),and 39 of whom had successfully quit,for a cessation rate of 9.9%.In the survey addressing attitudes toward quitting smoking,21(5.4%)said they were prepared to quit within one month,49(12.5%)considered quitting within one year,and 219(55.9%)said they did not want to quit.Among those who successfully quit smoking,the average number of years to quit was 7.11 years.The difference in the prevalence of hypertension among survey respondents with different smoking status was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The smoking and passive smoking status of permanent residents aged≥15 years in a district of Chongqing is still at a moderately high level,and the residents′knowledge and action to quit smoking do not match,so the prospect of tobacco control is still serious.Targeted interventions should be conducted according to the factors influencing smoking among residents,and further comprehensive and effective tobacco control measures should be sought.In addition,we need to continue to strengthen youth tobacco control publicity and develop effective youth tobacco control strategies.