科学捐赠对美国研究型大学发展的价值研究

Research on the Value of Science Philanthropy in the Development of U.S.Research Universities

科学捐赠作为美国高等教育的一部分,是美国研究型大学发展不可或缺的要素。二战前,科学捐赠弥补了政府资助的缺位,在美国研究型大学科学研究的兴起中发挥着关键的作用。二战后,鉴于大学科研在赢得战争中的突出贡献,科学的价值获得联邦政府的认同,以致政府资助涌现校园,并不断遮掩科学捐献的光芒。但由于联邦资助受时局影响导致科研经费时多时少,资助的确定性、稳定性不足影响了科研的发展,这时,科学捐赠发挥了不可或缺的作用,重要性不容忽视,其与联邦政府资助一起,共同推动着美国研究型大学的持续发展。

Science Philanthropy, which began in the mid-19 th century, plays an indispensable role in US research universities. Before World War Ⅱ, science philanthropy played a key role in the rising of American research universities, the cultivation of scientific talents and the development of disciplines, which made up for the lack of government funding. After World War Ⅱ, in view of the contribution of university scientific research to the war,there was a strong sense of federal funding to university scientific research, thus federal funding was emerged in research universities more and more. The role of the federal government was highlighted, which obscured the shine of science philanthropy. However, science philanthropy still plays an important role in the development of research universities in the United States. It is a supplement of research funds, an enabler of breaking research development and a supporter of cutting-edge knowledge. And it promotes the development of American research universities together with the federal government.