儿童书面言语的因果表达及逻辑思维特征研究--一项基于1800名小学生作文的分析

A Study of Causal Expression and Characteristics of Logical Thinking in Children’s Writing:An Analysis Based on the Writing Samples of 1800 Elementary School Students

书面言语是最精心组织的言语形式,要求儿童进行深思熟虑的分析,是一种复杂而又真实的思维活动。本研究以我国1800名小学生的作文为研究样本,使用人工标注、信息自动检索技术和描述统计等方法,分析了儿童的因果表达特征,并以此探究儿童因果逻辑思维的发展特点。研究发现:第一,儿童的因果复句表达虽然整体上随年级递增呈上升趋势,但各年级具有不同的阶段性特征;第二,面对不同认知复杂度的因果表达,儿童在书面言语中倾向于说明性因果表达;第三,儿童在因果表达上存在“五年级现象”,即五年级儿童对因果逻辑表达更为敏感。在此基础上,对我国小学生的语言教学提出了系列可供参考的建议。

Written speech is a well-organized form of speech.It requires children to conduct thoughtful analysis,which is a complex and deeper thinking activity.This study uses the writing samples of 1,800 elementary school students in China as a sample to analyze the causal expression characteristics of children,and to explore the development characteristics of children’s causal logical thinking.The study found that:(1)although children’s use of causal expressions increase with grades,each grade shows different characteristics.(2)Facing causal expression of different cognitive complexity,children tend to use descriptive causal expression in writing.(3)There is a“fifth grade phenomenon”in the use of causal expression,that is,fifth grade children are more sensitive to causal logic expression.Based on the above research findings,we have put forward some suggestions for the literacy education of primary school students in China.