边坡雷达变形图与航测模型配准方法及应用

Application of matching method of the deformation map of slope radar and UAV aerial survey model in landslide monitoring

地基合成孔径边坡雷达遥感测量技术以其精度高、范围广、全天候等优点已广泛应用于边坡的变形监测。无人机遥感航测建模则是融合遥感测量、差分定位实现地理环境信息采集处理与应用的新兴技术。通过无人机航测获得三维地形的数字高程模型和影像模型,通过软件提取高精度点云数据。根据雷达直线轨道空间几何关系建立算法筛选监测视野内的点云数据,求解合成孔径雷达每一束微波分辨单元的r和q阈值。计算每一个点云数据的r和q,与每一束雷达波测量的变形值进行快速配准,生成一张和地形吻合的坡面变形图。此方法在露天矿山边坡和滑坡应急救援监测中成功应用,且能够准确地识别雷达视野监测范围内的危险大变形区域,用以辅助滑坡预警预报研究。

The ground synthetic aperture radar remote sensing technique has been widely used in slope deformation monitoring due to the advantages of high precision,wide range and all time.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing is a newly-developing technology that integrates UAV,remote sensing sensor,GPS differential positioning and other technologies to achieve rapid collection,processing,and application of geographic environmental information.In this paper,the digital elevation model and image model of 3D geomorphic are obtained by UAV aerial survey,and the high-precision point cloud data are extracted by software.The algorithm monitoring was established to screen the point cloud data within the monitoring field according to the geometric relationship of radar linear orbit.The unit monitored by each microwave beam of the S-SAR was regarded as a"basket",and r andqthresholds were solved and set.The r andqat each point were calculated,the"shot pattern"method was used to quickly match the deformation values measured by each radar wave to generate a deformation diagram that matched the slope.This method has been successfully applied to the emergency rescue monitoring of slope and landslide in open pit mines,and can accurately identify the dangerous and large deformation area within the scope of radar visual field monitoring,so as to provide the basis for landslide early warning and forecast.