空气质量健康指数构建及与现有评价体系的比较:以丽水市为例

Establishment of Air Quality Health Index and Comparison with Existing Evaluation System in Lishui

为了解大气污染物对人体健康的影响,采用时间序列广义可加模型分析2013—2018年丽水市大气污染物与健康效应的关系,构建丽水市不同人群空气质量健康指数(AQHI)及分级方法,比较AQHI、调整后的环境空气质量健康指数(AQHI_a)、空气质量指数(AQI)和环境空气质量综合指数对健康效应的预测能力.结果表明:①如以AQI和环境空气质量综合指数来评价,丽水市春夏季主要污染物为O_(3),秋冬季为PM_(2.5);如以AQHI来评价,则O_(3)为丽水市全年最主要的污染物,其次是NO_(2).②在多种污染物同时存在的情况下,AQHI比AQI具有更高的敏感性,AQHI与环境空气质量综合指数的相关性比与AQI的相关性好.③4种指数在秋冬季对健康效应的预测准确度均高于春夏季,AQHI_a是4类指数中预测健康效应最好的,其次为环境空气质量综合指数.研究显示,需高度重视O_(3)污染问题,建议空气质量较好的地区构建AQHI或AQHI_a来反映空气质量.

In order to understand the impact of air pollutants on human health in Lishui,the effects of air pollution on human health were analyzed,the air quality health index(AQHI)of different populations in Lishui was constructed,the predictive ability of AQHI was compared,and the ambient air quality health index(AQHI_a),air quality index(AQI)and ambient air quality composite index on health effect were adjusted.The results showed that:(1)If AQI and the comprehensive air environmental quality index was used to evaluate the air conditions in Lishui,the key pollution in summer was O_(3),and it was PM_(2.5) in winter.However,if AQHI was used to evaluate atmospheric conditions,O_(3) became the key pollution in Lishui throughout the year,followed by NO_(2).(2)When multiple pollutants existed at the same time,AQHI and Ambient Air Quality Composite Index were more sensitive to air pollution.(3)The prediction of the health effects of the four environmental air quality assessment indexes in winter was significantly higher than that in summer.It is recommended that China attach great importance to the problem of O_(3) pollution and construct AQHI or AQHI_a to reflect air quality in areas with good air quality.