佳木斯市学校教室PM_(2.5)连续监测及学生暴露水平评价

Continuous monitoring of fine particulate matter in school classrooms and assessment of students’exposure level

目的了解学校室内PM_(2.5)污染状况和学生暴露水平,为学生健康防护提供基础数据。方法通过在线环境监测仪对佳木斯8所中小学16间自然通风教室的PM_(2.5)进行为期2个学期的连续监测,同时抓取室外PM_(2.5)数据进行对比研究,对学生在校期间暴露量进行评价。结果春、秋两学期教室内PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度分别为(26.93±24.7)和(31.85±30.37)μg/m^(3),教室内外PM_(2.5)I/O值分别为0.92和0.95,存在强相关性。两学期所有教室的全天PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为(28.93±26.85)μg/m^(3),略高于白天学生在校期间的(27.53±26.53)μg/m^(3),且工作日质量浓度高于周末。随着楼层升高,室内PM_(2.5)质量浓度逐渐下降。学生在校期间的累积暴露量,春季学期为28.48μg/m^(3),秋季学期为31.87μg/m^(3)。结论教室内PM_(2.5)随时间、水平空间与垂直空间的变化会有所不同,且室内PM_(2.5)的污染程度极大依赖于室外污染源;春、秋两学期学生在校期间PM_(2.5)暴露量有所差异。

Objective To explore the status of PM_(2.5)pollution in school classrooms and the student exposure level,and to provide basic data to safeguard the health of students.Methods This study continuously monitored the PM_(2.5)levels of 16 naturally ventilated classrooms in eight primary and secondary schools in Jiamusi for one academic year using an online environmental monitoring instrument.At the same time,outdoor PM_(2.5)data was captured for comparative research,and student exposure to PM_(2.5)during school hours was evaluated.Results The average concentration of PM_(2.5)in the classroom in the spring and autumn semesters was(26.93±24.7)and(31.85±30.37)μg/m^(3),respectively,and the indoor/outdoor ratio(I/O)was 0.92 and 0.95,respectively,which indicated a strong correlation between them.The daily average concentration of all classrooms during both semesters was(28.93±26.85)μg/m^(3),which was slightly higher than the average concentration of(27.53±26.53)μg/m^(3)during the daytime when students were in school.In addition,the concentration on workdays was higher than that observed on weekends,and this was termed the"weekend effect".The indoor PM_(2.5)concentration was lower on higher floors.The comprehensive exposure concentration of students during school was 28.48μg/m^(3)in spring semester and 31.87μg/m^(3)in autumn semester.Conclusion PM_(2.5)levels in the classrooms varied according to time,the horizontal space,and the vertical space,and the level of indoor PM_(2.5)pollution largely depended on outdoor pollution sources.Differences in PM_(2.5)exposure were observed between.