天津市孤独症谱系障碍儿童膳食营养状况

Dietary intake and nutritional status of children with autism spectrum disorders in Tianjin

目的调查分析天津市孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的膳食营养素摄入量和营养状况,为ASD儿童制定科学有效的营养干预措施提供依据。方法采用3 d 24h膳食回顾法调查天津市某特殊教育学校90名3~9岁ASD儿童24种膳食营养素的摄入情况,并对儿童进行体格测量。结果ASD儿童中超重肥胖儿童共31名,占34.4%;3名消瘦者占3.3%;1名生长迟缓者占1.1%。各年龄组ASD儿童维生素A、维生素B1、维生素D、维生素B6、叶酸、钙和碘的平均摄入量均低于推荐摄入量标准,铜、磷和锌的摄入量均高于推荐摄入量标准,其中有超过10%的ASD儿童铜和镁的摄入量超过可耐受最高摄入量。能量、脂肪、维生素A摄入情况构成在正常、超重、肥胖组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为9.24,10.03,P值均<0.05)。结论孤独症谱系障碍儿童超重、肥胖率较高,营养素缺乏与过量的现象同时存在,建议采取个性化的饮食营养干预方案。

Objective To investigate the dietary nutrient intake and nutritional status of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),and provide evidence for developing scientific and effective nutrition intervention measures for children with ASD.Methods Nutrient intake of 90 children with ASD were investigated by using 3-day 24-hour dietary survey,and the anthropological indexes were measured.Results Among the 90 ASD children aged 3-9,31 of them were overweight and obese,accounting for 34.4%,three children were underweight,accounting for 3.3%,and one child was stunted,accounting for 1.1%.Dietary intakes of vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin D,vitamin B6,folic acid,calcium and iodine in all age groups of ASD children were insufficient,but the dietary intakes of copper,phosphorus and zinc exceeded the recommended intake level.More than 10%of the ASD children consume copper and magnesium more than the tolerable upper intake level.There were significant differences in the dietary intake of energy,fat and vitamin A among normal,overweight,obese and thin ASD children(χ^(2)=9.24,10.03,P<0.05).Conclusion Overweight and obesity,as well as the combination of insufficient and excessive nutrition in children with ASD is common.Personalized dietary nutrition intervention towards ASD children should be developed and implemented.