从规约有效到治理有效--以村规民约中的惩罚性规条为研究对象

From Effective Regulation to Effective Governance--Focusing on Punitive Clauses in Village Rules and Regulations

村规民约中能否明确包括惩罚性规条,是当下乡村治理研究和实践中的焦点问题之一。基于历史惯性、实践导向、法理依据及自治诉求,惩罚性规条已然成为农村治理的一类重要工具。惩罚性规条的落地实践,有赖于村庄共同体内部的有序参与和外部的指导监督,其运行关键在于通过建立长效机制以规避合法性、合理性与适应性等实施风险。从规条有效落地到乡村治理有效,需要充分发挥规条的激励、监督等功能,推进多元主体的协同配合、政府职能转变和村庄治理共同体的塑造。

Whether punitive clauses can be clearly included in village rules and regulations is one of the focus issues in current rural governance research and practice.Based on historical inertia,practice orientation,legal basis and autonomy demands,punitive clauses have become an important tool of rural governance.The implementation of punitive clauses depends on the orderly participation within the village community and external guidance and supervision.The key to its operation lies in the establishment of a long-term mechanism to avoid the implementation risks of legitimacy,rationality and a-daptability.From the effective implementation of rules and regulations to the effective rural governance,we need to give full play to the incentive,supervision and other functions of rules and regulations,and promote the coordination of multiple subjects,the transformation of government functions and the shaping of village governance community.