多阶段行政行为的法律构造与分阶救济

Legal Structure and Hierarchical Relief for Multi-stage Administrative Actions

单阶段行政行为与多阶段行政行为是德国行政行为的一种基本分类形态。近年来,在我国行政审判中多阶段行政行为作为概念工具在个案解释中被频繁使用。多阶段行政行为的要素包括一个或多个其他机关的参与行为、多个程序阶段以及一个具有外部效力的最终行政行为。建议根据多阶段行政行为的法律构造,以参与行为的效力和事务管辖权为基准,确立分阶段的救济模式。同时,在审理多阶段行政行为时,应权衡个人权利保护和法安定性之间的关系,有限度地认可参与行为的违法性继承。

Single-stage administrative actions and multi-stage administrative actions constitute the basic classification of German administrative actions.In recent years,multi-stage administrative actions have been frequently used in China as conceptual tools in case interpretation in administrative trials.The elements of multi-stage administrative actions include the participation of one or more public agencies,multiple procedural stages,and a final administrative action with external effects.It is recommended to establish a staged relief model based on the legal structure of multi-stage administrative actions,the effectiveness of participating actions,and the jurisdiction of affairs.At the same time,in the trial of multi-stage administrative acts,the relationship between the protection of individual rights and the stability of the law should be balanced,and the illegal inheritance of participating acts should be recognized to a limited extent.