“说话”要“到底”——《新的信念》中的女性觉醒及其历史语境

“Speaking” must be “Thorough”: Female Awakening and Historical Context about New Faith

丁玲写于1939年春的《新的信念》既是她奔赴延安后言说革命女性的起点,也是她在延安初期写作的一系列通告报告、战地速写中凸显出来的特具文学性的叙事作品。在同时期的批评中,《新的信念》中老太婆政治性觉醒的发生这一核心情节,或被批评为"不够圆润",或被看作有意义的革命浪漫主义,这两种批评其实都指向了老太婆觉醒的突然性,但在笔者看来,丁玲欲表达的这种觉醒并非突然发生,而是有其内在发展逻辑和现实对应性。本文抓住文本中反复出现的"说话"与在结尾处出现的"到底"两个关键词进一步理解小说中人物的塑造,结合丁玲之前的西北战地服务团工作经历,以及与其写作同期发生的延安马列学院的学习活动,并联系延安妇女解放运动的历史情境,对《新的信念》进行重读。

Ding Ling’s New Faith written in the spring of 1939,is not only the starting point of her discussion of women’s participation in the revolution after she rushed to Yan’an,but also a literary narrative work that includes a series of announcement reports and battlefield sketches written during her early Yan’an period. The heroine’s political awakening as a major component of New Faith was criticized at the time either as"being not tactful enough"or as meaningful revolutionary romanticism. Both criticisms were directed at the heroine’s sudden awakening. In contrast,the awakening that Ding Ling wished to express,in the author’s opinion,was not sudden,but had its own internal logic of development in accordance with existing conditions. This article aims to grasp the two keywords,"speaking"appearing repeatedly and"being thorough"appearing at the end of the text to better understand the novel’s character creation. I attempt to combine Ding Ling’s previous work and learning experiences in the Northwest Battlefield Service Corps and the Yan’an Marxist Leninist Institute that took place concurrently with her writing,as well as the historical context of the Yan’an Women’s Liberation Movement to provide a new interpretation of New Faith.