工业机器人应用、就业市场结构调整与服务贸易发展

The Application of Industrial Robots,the Adjustment of Employment Market Structure and the Development of Service Trade

工业机器人应用在对各国经济发展带来显著促进作用的同时,也因为就业替代效应的存在而引发了人们的失业担忧和"卢德主义"敌视情绪。在此背景下,文章使用2005~2017年间52个国家工业机器人密度数据,实证检验了工业机器人应用对就业市场结构调整和对外服务贸易发展的影响。研究结果表明,工业机器人应用使得更多的劳动力转向服务业部门,并带动了生产性服务业的发展,提升了服务业就业率,最终促进了服务贸易发展。进一步研究表明工业机器人应用对不同技术含量服务业就业和对外贸易发展的影响存在异质性,对低技术服务业从业人数和出口贸易、高技术服务业进口贸易的影响相对而言更为显著。

The application of industrial robots not only promotes the economic development of various countries,but also triggers people’s concerns about unemployment and the hostility of"Luddite"because of the employment substitution effect.In this context,this paper empirically tests the impact of the application of industrial robots on the adjustment of employment market structure and the development of foreign service trade based on the industrial robot density data of 52 countries from 2005 to 2017.The research results show that the application of industrial robots makes more labor force turn to service sector,promotes the development of producer services,improves the employment rate of service industry,and finally gives impetus to the development of service trade.Further research reveals that the application of industrial robots has a heterogeneous impact on the employment of service industries with different technology contents and the development of foreign trade.It exerts a more significant effect on the employment number and export trade of low-tech service industries,and import trade of high-tech service industries.