硬质合金企业粉尘暴露岗位的职业健康风险评估及护理措施

Occupational Health Risk Analysis and Nursing Measures of Dust-exposed Work Post in Cemented Carbide Manufacturers

测定石家庄硬质合金生产企业粉尘暴露岗位的呼吸性粉尘浓度,钨、钴的浓度,总粉尘浓度,分别采用职业危害风险评估指数法和新加坡半定量风险评估法评估企业粉尘职业健康风险,并对工作环境下的职业病危害进行分析,针对岗位人员健康影响因素提出相关护理措施意见。结果显示,这两种风险评估法针对硬质合金企业粉尘接触的8个岗位职业风险评估结果一致。以钴浓度评估过筛、混料两个岗位,风险危害等级为极高和高;表面处理深加工和球磨干燥岗位评估显示为中等风险;成检包装、喷砂、烧结和压制岗位为轻度危害风险和低风险。钨元素职业健康风险评估等级均为轻度危害以及低风险水平。接触生产性粉尘作业级别为0级、作业分级指数均为0的岗位有混料、球磨干燥、过筛、压制半检、烧结、表面处理深加工、喷砂和成检包装;钴的职业病危害作业分级最高的岗位为混料,中度危害级别岗位为过筛,其他的岗位作业级别相对无害。因此,在评估硬质合金生产企业粉尘暴露岗位的职业健康风险时,可将钴浓度指标作为首选评价指标,在工作过程中,需要在过筛、混料以及球磨干燥方面做好相应的护理措施,以降低职业健康风险带来的健康影响。

In this paper,the concentration of respirable dust,tungsten,cobalt and total dust of dust exposed posts in Shijiazhuang cemented carbide production enterprises in 2020 were measured.Occupational hazard risk assessment index method and Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment method were used to evaluate the occupational health risks of cemented carbide dust.The occupational hazard under the working environment was analyzed.And the relevant nursing measures were put forward according to the factors affecting the health of the staff.The results show that the two risk assessment methods have the same occupational risk assessment results for 8 positions exposed to cemented carbide dust.The sieving and mixing posts are evaluated by cobalt concentration,and the risk hazard levels are extremely high and high.The assessment of surface treatment deep processing and ball-milling drying posts show moderate risk,while inspection packaging,sandblasting,sintering and pressing posts show mild risk and low risk.For the occupational health risk assessment of tungsten element,the two risk assessment methods are both mild hazard and low risk,and the assessment results are consistent.The working level exposed to productive dust is level 0.The positions with working grading index of 0 include mixing,ball milling and drying,sieving,pressing and semi-inspection,sintering,surface treatment and deep processing,sandblasting and inspection packaging.The position with the highest occupational hazard rating of cobalt is mixing,the position with moderate hazard rating is sifting,and the other positions are relatively harmless.Therefore,when evaluating the occupational health risks of dust exposure in cemented carbide production enterprises,cobalt concentration index can be used as the preferred evaluation index.In the process of work,appropriate nursing measures should be taken in the aspects of sieving,mixing and ball milling and drying,so as to reduce the health impacts caused by occupational health risks.