民众对警察负面刻板印象的诱因及其纾解机制研究——基于计划行为与社会资本理论整合框架的实证解释

Explaining the Negative Stereotype of Police:An Integrated Framework of Planned Behavior Theory and Social Capital Theory

部分民众对警察的负面刻板印象不断蚕食着人民警察克己奉公、无私奉献的良好形象,然而当前有关民众对警察负面刻板印象生成的"黑箱机制"尚未被完全揭开。这很大程度上归结于已有研究单一分析角度的不足。基于计划行为理论和社会资本理论的微观理论整合框架实现了对民众主观认知角度因素、表征本土情境的社会关系角度因素和表征时代背景的社会规范角度因素的统合,能够更好地解释民众对警察负面刻板印象的生成机制。在主观认知方面,非动机因素是制约民众负面刻板印象发生的重要因素,而主观规范则在动机因素中占据主导地位。在社会关系方面,社会资本的内卷化功能"失灵"及社会资本的作用方式是产生负面刻板印象更重要的因素。在社会规范方面,警民信任关系是激发主观规范功能的"润滑剂",而警民认知信任是传导民众态度作用效果的重要因素。

The negative"stereotype"of police undermines their public image as"wholehearted devotion to public duty".Previous studies have not unfolded the"black box"about the generation of the negative"stereotype"of police.In an integrated framework of Planned Behavior Theory and Social Capital Theory,subjective cognition,social relations and social norms are combined to explain the generation of the public’s negative perception of police.In terms of subjective cognition,subjective norms are dominant motivational factors although non-motivational factors are significant.From the perspective of social relations,the internalization of social capital malfunctions.For social norms,public trust in police stimulates the function of subjective norms,and the public cognitive trust in police is an important factor that effects their attitude.