再论《山海经·五藏山经》的植物学

Further Discussion of Wu Zang Shan Jing of Shan Hai Jing's Botany

《山海经·五藏山经》记录了西、北、东、南、中五山系约148种植物资源,对其叶、根、茎、花、实等营养器官、繁殖器官,枝、伤、理、汁等局部形态进行了详细描写。在植物分类上,采用了草木二分法,但竹属植物的分类十分混乱。对植物利用价值的记录侧重药用价值,且带有明显的巫术色彩。《山海经·五藏山经》反映了中国早期人们的植物学水平,并对后世植物学、本草学的发展产生了深远影响。这是研究中国古代植物学史不宜忽视的。

Wu Zang Shan Jing of Shan Hai Jing records about 148 plant resources in the West,North,East,South and Middle Five Mountain Series.The vegetative organs,reproductive organs such as leaves,roots,stems,flowers and seeds,and the local morphology of branches,thorns,textures and juices are described in detail.In the classification of plants,the dichotomization of herb and xylophyta is adopted,but the classification of bamboos is very confused.The record of the use value of plants focuses on the medicinal value,and has obvious witchcraft color.This book reflects the botanical level of early China,and has exerted a profound influence on the development of botany and herbology in later generations.This is not to be ignored in the study of the history of Chinese ancient botany.