施永高在华植物考察与采集活动研究

Walter Tennyson Swingle and the Plant Investigation and Collection Activities in China

受资本扩张影响,近代欧美社会曾掀起一股来华进行植物考察与采集的热潮。美国农业部植物病理学家、柑橘研究权威学者施永高(Walter Tennyson Swingle)也积极参与其中,但却有着与"植物猎人"的掠夺式采集完全不同的鲜明特点。本文基于对施永高个人档案及日记、笔记资料的整理,分析了促使施永高来华的动因,并对施永高3次来华进行植物采集考察的历史过程进行了详细梳理。通过对施永高与近代其他“植物猎人”的比较,总结了施永高采集活动的特点。最后,从近代中美农业发展的视角,肯定了施永高在近代中美种质资源调查与保护上的积极贡献,探析了施永高在华开展植物考察与采集活动为两国农业发展所带来的影响。

Influenced by the expansion of capitalism,there was a upsurge of plant investigation and collection in modern European and American society.Walter Tennyson Swingle,aplant pathology and leading citrus scholar at the United States Department of Agriculture,isan active participant,with a“plant hunter”predatory collection completely different characteristics.Based on the sorting of Swingles personal files,diaries and notes,this paper analyzes the motivation of Swingles coming to China,and combs the historical process of Swingle's three visits to China to collect and inspect plants.Through the comparison between Swin-gle and other"Plant Hunters"in modern times,the characteristics of Swingles collecting ac-tivities were summarized.Finally,from the perspective of modern Sino-us agricultural development,Swingles positive contribution to the investigation and protection of Modern Sino-us Germplasm Resources is affirmed,the impact of Swingle's plant investigation and collection activities in China on the agricultural development of the two countries was analyzed.