政策工具视角下我国抗菌药物合理用药政策研究

A study on rational use policies of antibacterial drugs in China: A perspective of policy tools

目的:从政策体系角度出发,分析我国抗菌药物合理用药政策领域政策工具使用情况,为后续相关政策的调整和优化提供参考。方法:采用内容分析和定量分析方法,构建“政策工具—政策过程”二维分析框架,对中央政府颁布的抗菌药物合理用药政策进行分析。结果:纳入分析47份政策文本共生成505条政策文本编码,其中,政策工具维度环境型政策工具运用最多(77.43%,391/505),其次为供给型(18.22%,92/505)和需求型(4.36%,22/505)政策工具;政策发展维度政策规划、政策实施、政策监督、政策评价工具分别占41.19%(208/505)、51.68%(261/505)、3.96%(20/505)、3.17%(16/505)。结论:抗菌药物合理用药政策应适当减少对环境型政策工具的依赖,重视供给型和需求型政策工具的推动和拉动作用,加强在政策发展过程中监督和评价类工具的运用。

Objectives:To analyze the use of policy tools in the field of Chinese policies for rational use of antibacterial drugs,and provide references for the adjustments and optimization of follow-up policies from the perspective of policy system.Methods:Content analysis and quantitative analysis methods were adopted to build a two-dimensional analysis framework of“policy tools and policy process”,in order to analyze the polices promulgated by the Chinese central government for rational use of antibacterial drugs.Results:The 47 policy texts included in the analysis generated 505 policy text codes in total,wherein,environment-based policy tools(77.43%,391/505)were used the most in the dimension of policy tools,followed by supply-based policy tools(18.22%,92/505)and demand-based policy tools(4.36%,22/505).In the dimension of policy development,policy planning tools,policy implementation tools,policy supervision tools,and policy evaluation tools accounted for 41.19%(208/505),51.68%(261/505),3.96%(20/505),and 3.17%(16/505),respectively.Conclusions:The policies for rational use of antibacterial drugs should appropriately reduce its dependence on environment-based policy tools,attach importance to the driving and pulling effects of supply-based and demand-based policy tools,and enhance the utilization of monitoring and evaluation tools in the process of policy development.