基于高速摄影技术穴盘苗抛投运动试验与分析

Experiment and analysis of high-speed photographic techniques for throwing motion of seedlings

针对吊杯式移栽机喂苗机构抛投穴盘苗准确率低下的问题,在吊杯式移栽试验台上进行投苗试验,用高速摄影机对穴盘苗从喂苗机构落苗口到栽植器的运动轨迹进行拍摄,采用图像后处理技术分析穴盘苗质量、穴盘苗植株高度和喂苗杯速度对穴盘苗抛投运动的影响,并进行正交试验,采用响应面分析法确定影响喂苗机构抛投穴盘苗准确率的投苗参数最佳组合。结果表明:1)穴盘苗高度、穴盘苗质量和喂苗杯速度影响抛投过程中穴盘苗的姿态和运动轨迹,并对水平位移产生较大影响。栽植器接苗时穴盘苗的水平位移区域为[30,50]mm,喂苗机构落苗口相对于栽植器接苗点水平位移(L)为32.1mm≤L≤42.8mm,2)影响喂苗机构抛投穴盘苗准确率的主次因素依次为穴盘苗高度、穴盘苗质量和喂苗杯速度,当喂苗杯速度为0.184m/s、穴盘苗质量为(20±4)g、穴盘苗高度为(130±10)mm时,投苗准确率达到99%。

Aiming at the low accuracy of the hanging cup transplanting machine’s feeding mechanism,seedling throwing tests were conducted on the hanging cup transplanting test device.A high-speed camera was used to film the movement track of the plug seedlings from the feeding mechanism to the planter.Image post-processing technology was used to analyze the influence of plug seedling weight,the height of plug seedling and feeding cup speed on the throwing movement of plug seedlings.The orthogonal experiment was conducted and response surface analysis was used to determine the optimal combination of seedling parameters that affect the seedlings’ accuracy rate.The results showed that:1)The height,weight and feeding speed of the plug seedlings affected the seedlings’ posture and trajectory,which significantly affected the horizontal displacement.According to the statistical analysis,the plug seedlings’ horizontal displacement area was[30,50]mm.The horizontal displacement of the seedlings’ falling port of the feeding mechanism relative to the planting point was 32.1 mm≤L≤42.8 mm;2)The primary and secondary factors affecting the feeding mechanism’s accuracy were the seedling’s height,the weight of the seedling and the feeding cup speed.When the feeding cup speed was 0.184 m/s,the weight of seedling was(20±4)g,and the height of seedling was(130±10)mm,the accuracy of seedling feeding reached 99%.This research provided references for the design of the hanging cup transplanting machine.