留守经历对农村儿童长期发展影响的研究进展

Research progress on the impact of left-behind experience on rural children’s long-term development

作为我国特有的发展问题,农村留守儿童问题长期以来备受学界和公众关注。但是,已有关于留守与农村儿童发展的研究主要集中在两者的短期关系,考察"留守经历"对农村儿童长期发展的影响研究相对鲜见。事实上,留守不仅对儿童期的短期影响产生作用,同时也将对其成年后的长期发展发挥长远影响,而后者与个体的生活与就业质量、国家的社会经济发展密切相关。基于此,本研究首先回顾了留守经历与农村儿童发展的基本逻辑,然后系统梳理了留守经历对学业成就、精神健康、就业质量、主观幸福感等长期影响的研究进展。在此基础之上,本研究指出了现有研究在结果变量、时间维度、群体差异上可能存在的不足。本研究认为,未来相关研究还需纳入城市留守儿童、扩展童年期经历,以及聚焦子女随迁政策转向。在推进新型城镇化与乡村振兴的背景下,本研究将为留守儿童长期发展问题的化解和促进农村留守儿童人力资本积累提供文献参考。

As a unique development issue in our country,the problem of left-behind children in rural areas has long attracted attentions from the academic circles and public.However,the existing research on the development of leftbehind rural children mainly focuses on the short-term impact,and it is relatively rare to investigate the impact of leftbehind experience on the long-term development of rural children.In fact,left behind not only has a short-term impact on childhood,but also has a long-term impact on the development in their adulthood.The latter is closely related to the quality of individual life and employment,and the country’s social and economic development.Based on this,this study first reviews the basic logic of left-behind experience and the development of rural children,and then systematically combs the research progress of the long-term effects of left-behind experience on academic achievement,mental health,employment quality,and subjective well-being.On this basis,this study points out the possible deficiencies of the existing research in outcome variables,time dimensions,and group differences.It is believed that in the future,relevant research needs to include urban left-behind children,expand childhood experiences,and focus on the shift of children’s migration policies.In the context of promoting new urbanization and rural revitalization.This study provides references for resolving the long-term development of left-behind children and promoting the accumulation of human capital of rural left-behind children.