五种苦荞的营养成分分析及比较

Analysis of Nutritional Components of Tartary Buckwheat in Different Varieties and Different Producing Areas

为了更好地开发利用苦荞的食用价值和保健功能,以四川凉山川荞1号黑苦荞、四川凉山川荞2号黄苦荞、云南昭通云荞1号黑苦荞、云南昭通云荞2号黄苦荞、贵州毕节市威宁县黄苦荞为原料,对其主要营养成分、氨基酸组成及含量、总黄酮、槲皮素和芦丁等活性成分进行测定分析。结果显示:川荞1号的蛋白质和脂肪含量最高,分别达到15.6 g/100 g和4.5 g/100 g;五种苦荞的氨基酸组成及含量总体趋势相似,均含有7种人体必需氨基酸,在氨基酸总量上,川荞1号的含量最高,为12.8 g/100 g,其次是云荞2号,谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和精氨酸在5种苦荞中含量最高;云荞1号和云荞2号的总黄酮和芦丁含量较高,但川荞1号的槲皮素含量最高。综合分析,黑苦荞的多种营养成分含量高于黄苦荞,川荞1号含有较多的蛋白质和脂肪等基本营养成分,而云荞1号荞的总黄酮、芦丁等活性成分含量相对较高。

In order to better develop and use the edible value and health function of buckwheat,Sichuan Liangshanchuan Buckwheat No.1 black tartary buckwheat,Sichuan Liangshanchuan Buckwheat No.2 yellow tartary buckwheat,Yunnan ZhaotongYunqiao No.1 black tartary buckwheat,Yunnan ZhaotongYunbuckwheat No.1 yellow tartary buckwheat and yellow tartary buckwheat in Weining County,Bijie City,Guizhou were used as raw materials.The main nutrients,amino acid composition and content,total flavonoids,quercetin and rutin were determined and analyzed.The results showed that Chuanqiao No.1 had the highest protein and fat content,reaching 15.6 g/100 g and 4.5 g/100 g,respectively.The overall trends of amino acid composition and content of the five kinds of tartary buckwheat were similar,and all contained 7 kinds of essential amino acids.In terms of total amino acid,Chuanqiao No.1 had the highest content of 12.8 g/100 g,followed by Yunqiao No.2.The content of glutamic acid,aspartic acid and arginine was the highest among the five kinds of tartary buckwheat.Yunqiao No.1 and Yunqiao No.2 had higher total flavonoids and rutin content,but Chuanqiao No.1 had the highest quercetin content.Comprehensive analysis showed that the content of various nutrients in black tartary buckwheat was higher than that of yellow tartary buckwheat.Chuanqiao No.1 contained more basic nutrients such as protein and fat,while Yunqiao No.1 buckwheat contained relatively high content of active ingredients such as total flavonoids and rutin.