拜松古尔时期的赫拉特画院及其创新

Herat Academy and Its Innovation in the Period of Bāisunghur

波斯细密画书籍插图艺术发展至帖木儿王朝时期,达至灿烂辉煌的顶峰,波斯各大城市中地方画院和首都宫廷画院同时勃兴。在这些画院中,赫拉特画院作为当时的首都宫廷画院最引人注目。该画院在拜松古尔王子的经营下,成为一颗璀璨的明珠,名流荟萃,生机勃勃,带动了整个帖木儿时期的文化建设,引发了一场东方的“文艺复兴”。拜松古尔经营下的赫拉特画院绘制了一大批插图抄本,其中最杰出的作品就是“拜松古尔《列王纪》”插图本。该插图本中的插图,艺术家们在整体构图、用色、景色描绘、建筑物装饰和绘画技艺等方面显示出高超的水平和创新性。该插图本精美的装饰、装帧、设计、插图都堪称帖木儿王朝时期最杰出的,其插图的风格成为帖木儿风格的典型代表,成为下一代艺术大师们的范式。

The Persian book illustration art in the period of the Timurid dynasty reached its brilliant peak, and the local painting academies in major cities and the capital painting academy flourished at the same time. Among these, the Herat Academy took on an even more important status. Under the management of Prince Bāisunghur, the academy became as a shining pearl, full of celebrities and vitality, which led to the cultural construction of the whole Timurid period and triggered an oriental "Renaissance". Herat Academy, under the management of Bāisunghur, produced a large number of illustrated manuscripts, the most outstanding of which was the Bāisunghur Shahnameh. The illustrations in this manuscript show the superb level and innovation of the artists in terms of overall composition and delicate use of color and painting skills. This illustrated manuscript was the most outstanding illustrated work in the Timurid dynasty. Its style of illustration became the typical representative of the Timurid style and became the paradigm of the next generation of art masters.