余华小说《文城》三论

Interpretation of Yu Hua's Novel Wencheng

余华的近作《文城》是一部关乎“寻找与救赎”、关乎“苦难和温情”、关乎“生命之轻与存在之重”的寓言诗。在这部小说中,他塑造了一群在蛮荒年代里找寻“文城”的圣徒,并以此来凸显和颂扬乱世之中以情义和侠道为内核的民族文化精魂以及糅合了儒释道精神与民间侠文化的生命价值观。此外,《文城》还描写了小美这一女性形象的人生悲剧,以悲剧的形式引领人们对罪与罚、善与恶和女性生存困境等问题做进一步的思考。《文城》的面世具有深刻的现实意义和思想价值,然而小说本身所存在的艺术缺陷限制了作品的审美空间,因此,余华要想抵达他理想中的“文城”,也要如同他笔下的林祥福一样,经历一场荆棘丛生的找寻之旅。

Yu Hua's recent work Wencheng is an allegorical poem about"search and redemption","love","suffering and warmth",and"lightness of life and heaviness of existence".In this novel,he created a group of saints looking for"Wencheng"in the wild years,which highlights and celebrates the soul of national culture in troubled times with love,duty and chivalry as its core,and the life values that combine Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism with folk chivalrous culture.In addition,Wencheng also depicts the life tragedy of Xiaomei,which leads us to think further about crimes and punishments,good and evil,and women's survival dilemma in the form of tragedy.The publication of Wencheng has profound practical significance and ideological value,but the artistic defects in the novel itself limit the aesthetic space of the work.Therefore,if Yu Hua wants to reach his ideal"Wencheng",like Lin Xiangfu in his works,he should also experience a journey of searching with thorns and hardships.