从实践到方法:梁思成在建筑教育知识整合中的遗产

From Practice to Method:Liang Sichengs Legacies in Integrating Knowledge for Architectural Education

对比梁思成在清华大学的课程设置中整合技术科学和社会科学的理念以及罗伯托·盖贝蒂在都灵理工大学建筑学院的教育思想,二者的相通之处是两位教育家都以历史研究为基础,通过归纳推理和"临床研究"的方式建立并发展了建筑学科。在此框架中,建筑项目不再是教义的物理实现,而是每一次具体实践成果的归纳累积,其并不预设意向,而是在面临不断变化的随机条件时灵活应对。方法论通过实践而被构建,理论知识源于真实的经验,由此建筑教育经历了范式的转变。

Liang Sicheng's attitude in integrating technical disciplines and humanities in Tsinghua University's curricula represented a compelling stimulus that evokes the experience of Roberto Gabetti within the School of Architecture at Politecnico di Torino.Historical research is the basis for both educators to set an inductive and"clinical approach"to consolidate knowledge in architecture.In this framework,the architectural project is not the materialization of a dogma but the result and accumulation of specific actions,never predetermined and flexible to ever-changing contingencies.Practice builds a method,and theoretical knowledge stems from real experience,thus defining a paradigmatic shift in architectural education.