收入增长、收入差距与农村减贫

Income Growth,Income Gap and Poverty Reduction in Rural China

利用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)农村住户数据,本文对1988—2018年中国农村贫困状况演变以及经济增长过程中收入增长、收入差距对减贫的影响进行综合考察。研究发现:改革开放以来农村贫困大幅减缓,减贫动因主要是收入增长,收入差距扩大部分抵消了增长的减贫效应。但随着减贫进程的推进,增长因素对减贫的贡献不断减弱,分配因素的影响愈显突出。对于深度贫困人口而言,分配因素对其贫困状态的影响更为重要。分收入来源的实证分析显示,研究期内,工资性收入逐渐成为农村居民的首要收入来源,对农村减贫的贡献迅速上升;政府转移净收入对减贫的贡献近年来明显增加,伴随着贫困程度的加深,其减贫作用也在增强。益贫式增长指数的测算结果表明,贫困人口主要从经济增长的涓滴效应中受益,经济增长方式尚需向益贫式增长转变。

Using the rural household data of China Household Income Projects(CHIP),this paper conducts a comprehensive study on the evolution of rural poverty in China from 1988 to 2018,as well as the impact of income growth and income gap on poverty reduction in the process of economic growth.The study found that since the reform and opening up,rural poverty has been greatly reduced.The driving force for poverty reduction is mainly from income growth,while the widening of income gap has offset part of the poverty reduction effect of income growth.As the process advances,the contribution of income growth to poverty alleviation has continued to weaken,and the influence of income distribution has become more prominent.For the ultra-poor,the effect of income gap is more significant than that of income growth on their poverty status.The results of decomposition by income sources show that during the period,income of wages and salaries gradually became the primary source of income for rural residents,and its contribution to poverty reduction increased rapidly.The contribution of net income from government transfer to poverty reduction has increased in recent years,and the poverty reduction efficiency index measured based on poverty incidence has also been improved.The results of the pro-poor growth indices also indicate that the poor mainly benefit from the trickle-down effect of economic growth,and the economic growth pattern needs to be transformed to pro-poor growth.