埃及反恐形势下西奈半岛贝都因人的困境与选择

The Plights and Choices of Sinai Peninsula Bedouins Under the Situation of Anti-Terrorism in Egypt

贝都因人占西奈半岛人口的多数,有着较强的部落归属感和身份认同,与西奈的社会历史发展密不可分。1982年西奈半岛回归埃及后,埃及政府对西奈的治理总体上成效不佳,造成贝都因人生存缺乏保障。2011年埃及政局剧变后,极端组织在西奈大肆扩张和盘踞,得到了一些贝都因人的支持,西奈反恐局势恶化。在严峻的反恐形势下,贝都因人遭遇三种困境,即埃及政府政策不当导致的生存困境、在极端组织与埃及政府之间选择的政治困境,以及追求融入埃及社会、实现经济社会利益与维护自身传统部落认同的困境。在埃及政府的争取下,贝都因人最终选择与埃及政府共同反击极端势力,这种选择不仅对于贝都因人的生存至关重要,也有利于促成反恐战争的最终胜利。西奈和平稳定发展需要埃及政府切实改善贝都因人的生活条件,获得贝都因人的长期支持。

The Bedouins are the majority of the population in Sinai Peninsula.They have strong tribal belonging and identity,and they are closely related to the social and historical development of Sinai.After the return of Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in 1982,the Egyptian government’s efforts in the Sinai was generally ineffective,resulting in difficulties for the survival of the Bedouins.After Egypt’s upheaval in 2011,Islamic extremist groups expanded and entrenched in Sinai,attracting some Bedouin support,and the counterterrorism situation in Sinai worsened.Under the severe anti-terrorism situation,Bedouins are faced with three dilemmas,namely,the survival dilemma caused by the improper policies of the Egyptian government,the dilemma of political position between Islamic extremist organizations and the Egyptian government,and the identity dilemma of pursuing economic and social interests through the integration into Egyptian society and their traditional tribal identity.Under the efforts of the Egyptian government,The Bedouins finally chose to fight against the extremist forces together with the Egyptian government.This choice is not only vital to the survival of the Bedouins,but also conducive to the ultimate victory of the war against terrorists.The peaceful and stable development of Sinai requires the Egyptian government to effectively and completely solve the survival plight of the Bedouins and win their long-term support.