阿拉伯国家“主权”观念的历史演变及其影响因素

An Analysis on the Historical Evolution and Its Influencing Factors of the Idea of Sovereignty in Arab States

"主权"概念在欧洲民族国家建立和巩固过程中形成,并伴随欧洲殖民扩张而扩展至阿拉伯世界。在殖民国家刻意制造的"一族多国"架构下,诸阿拉伯"次民族国家"长期未能就主权及其实践形成共同理解,提出了多种竞争性主权观念。其中以哈希姆家族"王国主权论"和纳赛尔"民族主权论"的影响最大。经过长期争论和实践,威斯特伐利亚主权成为阿拉伯国家行为准则。阿拉伯剧变以来,阿拉伯国家"主权"观念出现新的变化,即利用"人权"观念突破"国家主权"。国家形成的特殊历史背景是阿拉伯国家具有不同"主权"观念的首要原因,国家力量的变化是推动阿拉伯国家"主权"观念演变的主要动力,而西方提出的"人权高于主权"等新主权理论则为西方国家及部分阿拉伯国家干涉他国内政提供了借口、加剧了阿拉伯世界动荡。

The concept of"sovereignty"was formed in the process of the establishment and consolidation of European nation-states and spread to Arab world with European colonial expansion.Under the frame of"one nation and a company of states"designedly made by colonist,Arab"subnational states",who have long failed to form a common understanding of sovereignty and its practice,had come up with a few rivaling sovereignty ideas.The"dynasty sovereignty"raised by Hashim family and"nation sovereignty"advocated by Nasser were the most significant.After a long debates and practices,Westphalia sovereignty became the organizational rule among Arab states.Since Arab Upheaval,there is a new change on the view of sovereignty in Arab states,namely,the"human rights"promoted by the west for a long time is partially adopted by them.The primary cause for the different explanation of sovereignty attributes to the special historical background of Arab state’s formation.And the main driving force pushing the evolution of the view of sovereignty is the change of power,while the new idea of sovereignty proposed by west countries such as"human rights above sovereignty"and"responsibility to protect"is an important factor for the new change of Arab views.