文本散逸与佚文措置:唐宋类书所见南北朝正史佚文举隅

The Scattered,Lost and Misplaced Texts:Some Examples on the Scattered Texts of Early Medieval Official Histories Found in Encyclopedias in the Tang and Song Dynasties

北宋刻本出现前,南北朝诸家正史多以写本形式流传,在传抄过程中存在大量文本散佚与增补现象。而唐宋类书多征引或转引早期正史文本,一定程度上保留了其原始面貌。因此,以版本校为基础的现行校勘通则,未必适用于经历过写本时代的先宋诸正史。在先宋正史校勘中,学者当以辑佚与校勘相互配合、印证,将类书征引诸家正史文本视为独立的版本系统,对其加以识别、辑录,并据此通校今本正史;进而在此基础上将佚文落实到今本正史中,或采用附录形式措置无法落实的佚文,尽可能为古代文史研究者提供珍贵而新鲜的资料。

Before the printing culture flourished in the Northern Song,many official histories of the Northern and Southern Dynasties were circulated as manuscripts,which resulted in numerous lost and altered passages during the transmission process.Many categorized collections of the Tang and Song periods often cited some passages from these official histories and they preserved some original fragmentary texts to some extent.Therefore,based on some extant precisely-edited versions,contemporary textual criticism that focus on circulate editions might not be able to hand these official histories from the pre-Song period that were produced during the era of manuscripts.While dealing with these official histories,one should pay attention to both collecting and critical editing,viewing those texts cited in the categorized collections as independent versions and treating them with identification and verification,and comparing them with current printed editions.Furthermore,they should be verified with currently circulated versions or they should be placed as appendixes if they could not be compared with current editions.Eventually,they will be offered as precious and novel materials to scholars.