我国流域横向生态保护补偿协议实践与制度展开——兼对《生态保护补偿条例》修改建议

Compensation Agreement for Watershed Horizontal Ecological Protection in China and Suggestions for Improvement—Modification Suggestions on the Regulations on Ecological Protection Compensation

流域政府通过协商谈判的方式所建立的生态保护补偿机制是实现流域治理成本共担、合作共治、效益共享的重要方式。虽然流域横向生态保护补偿协议签订与履行已有很多实践,但因欠缺法律安排而陷入诸多困境。《生态保护补偿条例(公开征求意见稿)》开启了对流域横向生态保护补偿的制度化安排,但仍存不足。《条例》有必要在生态保护补偿协议签订中增加公众参与的程序,规定协议的必备条款,对不同层级的流域横向生态保护补偿协议效力进行区分,明确规定补偿基准确定的法律原则,建立生态保护补偿协议纠纷解决机制。

The establishment of ecological protection compensation mechanism by river basin government through negotiation is an important way to realize the cost sharing,cooperative governance and benefit sharing of river basin governance.Although there are many practices in signing and implementing the compensation agreement for horizontal ecological protection of river basin,it is in many difficulties due to the lack of legal arrangements.The regulations on compensation for ecological protection(Draft for public comments)started the institutionalization of compensation for horizontal ecological protection of river basins,However,it is suggested that the regulations should increase the procedures of public participation in the signing of ecological protection compensation agreements,stipulate the necessary provisions of the agreements,distinguish the effectiveness of different levels of horizontal ecological protection compensation agreements,clearly stipulate the legal principles for determining the compensation benchmark,and establish a dispute resolution mechanism for ecological protection compensation agreements.