商陆的药物特性和抗炎成分

Medicinal properties and anti-inflammatory components of Phytolacca(Shanglu)

商陆是一种有名的传统草药,在中国已有数千年的历史。此外,商陆也在世界范围内用于不同的传统植物药物和顺势疗法制剂。本文对商陆传统用途、植物来源、化学成分、药理及药物特性等方面的研究进展进行了综述。商陆通常由商陆属植物的根制成,外来植物垂序商陆(美洲商陆)也被广泛使用。由商陆和商陆提取物制成的医药产品多种多样,其具有一系列药理活性,如抗氧化、抗炎、抗寄生虫、抗真菌、抗癌、杀虫等。商陆提取物显著的抗炎活性发展了其在关节炎、肾炎和风湿病等疾病的治疗以及抗癌方面的应用。目前已从商陆中鉴定出多种天然活性物质,包括糖基化皂苷成分(如七叶苷和植物糖苷)以及一些黄酮类成分(亲耳蜗素A)和甾醇成分(α-波菜甾醇),增强了商陆的抗炎及抗癌功效。强烈建议对商陆提取物及相关产品进行质量评价。因此,可以鼓励使用商陆来调节细胞因子的产生并对抗炎症性疾病。

Phytolacca(Shanglu)is a well-known traditional herbal medi-cine that has been used for thousands of years in China.Phytolacca is also used worldwide in different traditional phyto-medicines and homeopathic preparations.The present work re-viewed advances in the traditional uses,plant origin,chemical constituents,pharmacology,and medicinal properties of Phytolacca.Phytolacca is usually made from the roots of Phytolacca acinosa and P.esculenta,but the invasive plant P.americana(American pokeweed)is also widely used.Different types of medicinal products made with Phytolacca are available,as well as various types of Phytolacca extracts,showing a range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant,anti-inflammat-ory,anti-parasitic,antifungal,anticancer,and insecticidal effects.The marked anti-inflammatory activity of Phytolacca extracts supports its use in treating diseases such as arthritis,nephritis,and rheumatism,as well as in combatting cancer.Several bioact-ive natural products have been identified from Phytolacca,in-cluding glycosylated saponins such as esculentosides and phytolaccosides,as well as a few flavones(cochliophilin A)and phytosterols(α-spinasterol),which contribute to Phytolacca’s anti-inflammatory and/or anticancer effects.A quality evaluation of Phytolacca-based extracts and products is highly recommen-ded;nevertheless,the use of Phytolacca can be encouraged to help regulate cytokine production and combat inflammatory dis-eases.