耕地和林地土壤动物群落组成和多样性的差异--中国区域的整合分析

Differences in the composition and diversity of soil fauna communities between arable land and woodland:A meta-analysis in China

采用Meta分析对中国区域耕地和林地的土壤动物数量、组成和多样性差异进行定量研究。整合分析结果表明,在中国区域耕地比林地有显著低的土壤动物个体密度(-55.74%)、类群数(-27.56%)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(-24.51%),其中个体密度的响应与类群数和Shannon-Wiener多样性的响应存在显著差异。年均温高于20℃地区耕地和林地间土壤动物数量、类群数和多样性的响应绝对值显著低于年均温小于20℃地区,且耕地与林地间无差异;年降水量400—800mm地区耕地和林地间土壤动物多样性的响应绝对值最大,其次在年降水量大于800mm地区,最小值在年降水量小于400mm地区(耕地与林地无差异)。耕地中水田土壤动物Shannon-Wiener多样性与林地无差异;经济林土壤动物Shannon-Wiener多样性与耕地间无差异。在不同土壤动物尺寸的亚组中,大型土壤动物数量、类群数和多样性的响应绝对值大于小型土壤动物的响应绝对值,且类群数差异显著。耕地中蜱螨类(Acarina)数量显著低于林地(-64.11%),而耕地的弹尾目(Collembola)数量与林地无差异;膜翅目(Hymenoptera)(-75.79%)和革翅目(Dermaptera)(102.97%)在耕地和林地间的差异最为明显。上述结果表明,中国区域耕地和林地的土壤动物数量和多样性响应差异不仅受到区域气候条件的影响,也受到耕地和林地类型以及土壤动物个体尺寸的影响,且不同物种的响应存在差异。

In this paper,the differences of soil fauna population and diversity between arable land and woodland in China were quantitatively studied by using meta-analysis.The meta-analysis results showed that the individual density(-55.74%),group number(-27.56%)and Shannon-Wiener diversity index(-24.51%)of soil fauna were significantly lower in arable land than in woodland in China,and the response of individual density was significantly different from that of group number and Shannon-Wiener diversity.The absolute values of response ratios of soil fauna abundance,group number and diversity between arable land and woodland where the average annual temperature was higher than 20℃were significantly lower than that where the average annual temperature was less than 20℃,and there was no difference between arable land and woodland.In the region with annual precipitation of 400—800 mm,the absolute value of response ratio of soil fauna diversity between arable land and woodland is the largest,followed by the region with annual precipitation of over 800 mm and the minimum value in the region with annual precipitation of less than 400 mm(there is no difference between arable land and woodland).The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in paddy field was not different from that in woodland.The diversity of soil fauna of economic forest Shannon-Wiener was not different from that of arable land.In the subgroups with different soil fauna sizes,the absolute values of response ratios of macrofauna abundance,group number and diversity were significantly higher than that of microfauna,and the difference of group number is significant.The abundance of Acarina in arable land was significantly lower than that in woodland,but the abundance of Collembola in arable land was not different from that in woodland.Hymenoptera(-75.79%)and Dermaptera(102.97%)were the most obvious.The above results indicate that the response differences of soil fauna abundance and diversity under arable land and woodland in China are not only affected by regional climatic conditions,but also affected by the types of arable land and woodland,and individual size of soil fauna,and the responses of different species were different.