美国高校学生学习成果评估结果应用研究

The Research on the Application of Learning Achievement Assessment Results in American Colleges and Universities

近年来,有效利用学生学习成果评估结果在高等教育评估领域备受关注。基于美国国家学习成果评估研究所对外公布的三份全国调查报告及其专门评选的"实践模范高校"案例,总结出美国高校学生学习成果评估结果主要应用于回应社会问责与认证、信息公开与交流、改进教与学质量、形成校园内部评估文化四个方面。分析发现,其特点主要包括:评估结果应用从满足外部需求逐渐转向关注内部发展、教师由形式化参与评估转变为切实性使用评估结果、应用所引起的改进主要发生在课程和专业层面。美国的经验对我国构建科学合理的学生学习成果评估结果应用体系具有借鉴意义。

In recent years,the effective use of student learning outcome assessment results has attracted much attention in the field of higher education evaluation. Based on the three national survey reports and the selected cases of“model colleges and universities in practice”released by the National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment(NILOA),this paper concluded that the assessment results of students’ learning outcomes in American colleges and universities are mainly applied in response to social accountability and certification,information transparency and communication,improving the quality of teaching and learning and forming the culture of internal evaluation on campus. The analysis shows that the characteristics of the application of evaluation results include:the application of assessment results has gradually shifted from meeting external needs to focusing on internal development;teachers have changed from formal participation in evaluation to practical use of evaluation results;and,the improvements resulting from applications occur primarily at the curricular and professional level. The experience of the United States can be used for reference to construct a scientific and reasonable application system of student learning achievement evaluation results in China.