全喷墨打印的大面积柔性CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)钙钛矿太阳能电池

Large area and flexible CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) perovskite solar cell fabricated by all ink jet printing

目前基于喷墨打印制备大面积CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)钙钛矿型太阳能电池的报道较多,主要集中在钙钛矿活性层薄膜的喷墨打印和电极打印两个方面,电池结构中空穴传输层和电子传输层以及其他修饰层仍采用旋涂或涂布等工艺完成.我们成功实现了基于全喷墨打印的大面积CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)钙钛矿太阳能电池,包括喷墨打印PEN/Ag NWs底电极,Ag NWs顶电极,PEDOT:PSS空穴传输层等.研究发现全喷墨打印可以极大地节约材料成本和简化生产工艺流程,并且可以获得密度高、均匀性好的PC_(61)BM层、PEDOT:PSS层、PEI层和CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)钙钛矿薄膜,在此基础上制备了面积分别为60,80和100 cm^(2)的CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)钙钛矿型太阳电池.结果表明,当钙钛矿油墨浓度为1 mol/L时,打印速度设置为30 mm/s,衬底温度为50℃时,打印生成的钙钛矿薄膜表面光滑,晶粒均匀生长有序,晶粒尺寸接近500—600 nm.晶粒具有规则的扁平形状,薄膜的表面粗糙度仅为10 nm,可以获得高质量的钙钛矿薄膜.采用绿色反溶剂萃取和热退火处理的有效面积为60 cm^(2)的钙钛矿型太阳能电池的功率转换效率高达14.25%(Voc=1.03 V,Jsc=19.21 mA/cm^(2),FF=72%),这是迄今为止报道的用全喷墨打印法制备钙钛矿型太阳能电池的最高效率之一.此外,当器件在不封装时放置空气中12个月,光电转换效率降低到初始值的80%.然而采用含氟热塑性聚氨酯FTPU封装,光电转换效率仅降低5%,表现出良好的器件稳定性.

At present,there are many reports on the preparation of large area CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) perovskite solar cells based on ink-jet printing.These researches focus mainly on the ink-jet printing and electrode printing of perovskite active layer films.The hole transport layer,electron transport layer and other modified layers in the cell structure are still completed by spin coating or coating.In this work,we successfully realize large area CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) perovskite solar cells based on full ink-jet printing,including pen/Ag NWs bottom electrode,agnws top electrode,PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer,etc.It is found that the full inkjet printing can greatly reduce the material cost and simplify the production process,and obtain PC_(61) BM layer,PEDOT:PSS layer,PEI layer and CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) perovskite thin film with high density and good uniformity.On this basis,we prepare the CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) perovskite solar cells with areas of 60,80 and 100 cm^(2),respectively.The results show that when the concentration of perovskite ink is 1 mol/L,the printing speed is 30 mm/s and the substrate temperature is 50℃,the surface of perovskite film is smooth and the grain size is in a range of 500–600 nm.The surface roughness of the film is only 10 nm,so high-quality perovskite film can be obtained.The power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell with an effective area of 60 cm^(2) is as high as 14.25%(V_(OC)=1.03 V,J_(SC)=19.21 mA/cm^(2),FF=72%),which is the highest efficiency of perovskite solar cell prepared by full ink-jet printing method reported so far.In addition,when the device is placed in the air for 12 months without packaging,the photoelectric conversion efficiency is reduced to 80%of the initial value.However,the photoelectric conversion efficiency of FTPU package is reduced only by 5%,demonstrating good device stability.