秦陵文物数字化及虚拟复原研究综述

A literature review on the digitization and virtual restoration of cultural relics in the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang

文化遗产是中华五千年悠久历史的重要载体,也是传承中华文化的特殊资源,然而,历经千百年的风化侵蚀、战火和历史变迁,文化遗产都遭到或多或少的冲击和破坏。传统复原方法存在记录手段单一、信息不全面、手工复原周期长、展陈受限、人工管理效率低等缺陷。利用三维扫描技术、数字化手段及信息化方法对文物进行数字化建模及虚拟复原与展示等,能够极大地缩短文物复原周期,可避免由于直接接触对文物造成的二次破坏;同时,借助于计算机视觉、人工智能、光学扫描等技术,能够为新形态考古发掘与文物保护奠定基础。针对文物修复与保护领域的这些重大需求,西北大学可视化技术研究所项目组自20世纪90年代起就开展了相关研究,取得的系列成果已应用于秦陵等多个文物保护单位。该文从古人面貌虚拟复原、复杂外观文物数字化、考古遗址场景建模与展示、考古过程记录与应用、破损破碎文物虚拟修复、文物碎片自动分类文化遗产的数字展示传播7个方面,对项目组近期的最新研究工作进行总结和分析,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。

Cultural heritage is an important carrier of China′s five thousand year history,and it is also a special resource for inheriting Chinese culture.However,after thousands of years of weathering and erosion,wars and historical changes,cultural heritage has been more or less impacted and destroyed.Traditional methods have defects such as single recording forms,incomplete information,long manual restoration cycle,limited exhibition ways,and manual management efficiency.Using 3D scanning technology,digital means and information method to realize digital modeling,virtual restoration and virtual display of cultural relics,can not only effectively shorten cultural relics restoration cycle,the secondary destruction of cultural relics can also be avoided.At the same time,with the help of computer vision,artifical intelligence,optical scanning and other technologies,it can lay a foundation for the excavation of new forms of archaeology and the protection of cultural relics.In response to these major requirements in the field of cultural relics restoration and protection,our research team has carried out relevant research since the 1990s,and the series of results obtained have been applied to many cultural relics protection enterprises and museums.This article summarize the latest research work from seven aspects:the virtual restoration of ancient faces,the digitization of cultural relics with complex ornamentation,the modeling and display of archaeological site scenes,the recording and application of archaeological processes,the virtual restoration of damaged and broken cultural relics,automatic classification of cultural relic fragments and the digital display and dissemination of cultural heritage.Finally,we look forward to future research directions.