“变局中的趋新”:近代士绅国家观念变迁原因探析--以《退想斋日记》为考察中心

“New Trend in Changing Situation”:Exploring the Formation of Modern Gentry’s Concept of State--With Tuixiangzhai Diary as Research Data

鸦片战争后,中国开始了由传统社会向近代社会的转型。随着欧风美雨的深度浸润,中国的社会阶层,特别是其中的士绅阶层发生了巨大变化。这突出体现在以“中华观”为代表的近代国家观念逐渐取代了以“天下观”为代表的传统国家观念。历经晚清、民国两个历史时期的山西士绅刘大鹏就是其中的典型代表。透视其遗作《退想斋日记》,既可窥探其所处“变局”中的心路历程,亦可对推动士绅阶层近代国家观念形成的原因进行系统分析,以此更好揭示近代中国的众生相。

After the Opium War,China underwent a transformation from a traditional society to a modern society.With deep infiltration of Europe and the U.S.,great changes have taken place in China’s social classes,especially the gentry class.Which is mainly reflected in the replacement of the traditional concept of state represented by“the view of the world”by the modern concept of state represented by“the view of China”in their mind.Liu Dapeng,a Shanxi gentry who experienced two historical periods of late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,is a typical representative of such gentry.The perspective of his posthumous work of Tuixiangzhai Diary can not only reveal his mental process in the“changing situation”,but also systematically analyze reasons for the formation of the gentry’s concept of the modern state,so as to better reveal the landscape of people’s life in modern China.