情势变更原则下商事合同强制再协商之商榷

Discussion on Compulsory Renegotiation of Commercial Contract Under the Principle of Change of Circumstances

《民法典》第533条在情势变更制度之下加入了受不利影响的当事人可以与对方再协商的表述。学界对于再协商的定性问题讨论得如火如荼,权利说抑或义务说无疑都默认再协商系强制性前置程序。但是该条并未区别民事行为与商事行为,忽略了后者的营利性目的。通过对再协商一般民事上的功能进行考察以及在商事合同视域下对再协商制度当事人利益权衡、可操作性、可替代性三个方面进行分析,强制商事合同双方再协商并不合理,所以宜将其认定为指引性规定,否定其强制性效力。

Article 533 of TheCivil Code adds,under the principle of change of circumstances,the expression that the party adversely affected may renegotiate with the other party.There is a heated debate on the determination of renegotiation in academic circles,and undoubtedly renegotiation's belonging to right or obligation both give tacit approval to its mandatory pre-negotiation procedure.However,this article does not distinguish civil acts from commercial acts,and ignores the profit-making purpose of the latter.By investigating the general civil function of renegotiation and analyzing the interest balance,operability and substitutability of the parties in the renegotiation system from the perspective of commercial contract,it is not reasonable to force the two parties in the commercial contract to renegotiate;therefore,it is advisable to recognize it as a guiding provision and deny its mandatory effect.