后疫情时代中小学生“形式主义学习”的反思与改进

"Formalism in Learning"among Primary and Secondary School Students in the Post-pandemic Era:Reflections and Ways to Improve

疫情期间的线上教学凸显了学生"形式主义的学习"这一棘手问题。该问题是早期的机械化浅层学习及碎片化假装学习等现象在大规模在线教育时期的规模化叠加。问题成因包括教育质量的带动不足、教育仪式的营造失败以及教育话语的意义迷思。后疫情时代,"形式主义学习"可能导致育人虚化,造成治理烟幕,阻滞质量提升。"学习者中心"是线上教育时代标榜的鲜明理念,后疫情时代须对其进行澄清,从而规避"形式主义学习"的风险。一种"文化身份"的标识与建构在这一背景下成为必要。"学习者"是教育场域学生、教师、家长、研究人员、管理人员等共同分享的身份符号,由此,"学习者文化身份"被有意识地标识和建构出来。继而,在相关话语实践中,"学习者身份"应被作为"主体"的条件,教育应以"学习者"这一身份为中心。在更宽广的视角下,"学习者"的话语实践还需要汇入"学习者"的文化叙事,进而,后疫情时代应对"形式主义学习"的策略也得以勾勒。

The online teaching in the COVID-19 pandemic period highlights the thorny problem of formalism in students’learning.This problem is the large-scale superposition of mechanized,shallow learning and fragmented pretenselearning in large-scale online education in the early pandemic period.The causes of the problem include the insufficient promotion of the quality of education,the failure to construct educational ceremony and the misunderstanding of the meaning of educational discourse.In the post-pandemic era,"formalism in learning"may lead to the deficiency of education,resulting in governance illusion and obstructing the improvement of education quality."Learner-centeredness"is a distinctive concept in the era of online education,which needs to be clarified in the post-pandemic era to avoid the risk of"formalism in learning".In this context,it is necessary to identify and construct a"cultural identity"."Learner"is the identity symbol shared by students,teachers,parents,researchers and administrators in the field of education.Thus,the"cultural identity"of"the learner"is consciously identified and constructed.Furthermore,in the practice of relevant discourse,"learner identity"should be regarded as the condition of"subject",and education should focus on the identity of"learner".In a broader perspective,the discourse practice of"learners"needs to be integrated into the cultural narrative of"learner".Furthermore,the strategies to deal with the problem of"formalism in learning"in the post-pandemic era can also be outlined.