生长抑素对视网膜的生理调控及神经保护作用

Physiological role and neuroprotective effects of somatostatin in retina

生长抑素又称生长激素释放抑制因子(SRIF),是一种神经递质、神经调质和神经营养因子,通过激活5种特异的G蛋白偶联受体发挥作用。SRIF受体在视网膜中广泛表达和分布,激活这些受体调控视网膜细胞的电压门控钾和钙通道,调控多种胞内信号通路,进而调节神经递质的释放和突触传递等,参与视网膜视觉信息的处理过程。同时,SRIF及其受体对视网膜损伤,如视网膜缺血、兴奋毒性损伤和糖尿病视网膜病变等具有神经保护作用。本文结合本研究团队近年在视网膜SRIF及其受体系统的研究结果,就SRIF及其受体在视网膜的分布、对视网膜的生理调控和神经保护作用的研究进展进行综述。

Somatostatin,also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor(SRIF),is a kind of neurotransmitter,neuromodulator and neurotrophic factor,which participates in a variety of physiological functions in the central nervous system by activating the five G-protein-coupled receptors(sst1-sst5).SRIF and its receptors are extensively expressed and distributed in retina.Activation of SRIF receptors modulates voltage-gated K+and Ca2+channels,and regulates multiple intracellular signaling pathways in retinal cells,then influences neurotransmitter release and synaptic transmission,which plays an important role in the regulation of retinal visual information processing.In addition,SRIF and its receptors may provide protective effects against retinal injuries,such as retinal ischemia,excitotoxic injury and diabetic retinopathy.In this article,connected with related previous researches of our team,the distribution of SRIF and its receptor in retina,as well as the role of SRIF and its receptor in the physiological regulation and neuroprotection of retina were reviewed.