早期马克思人民主体思想的价值意蕴——基于《德法年鉴》时期的文本研究

The value implication of Marx’s Thought of people’s subject in early period:A textual study based on the German-French Almanac period

《德法年鉴》时期,马克思以人民立场为根本立足点,由对宗教的批判转向对现实生活的批判,从研究政治解放深入到探索人类解放,其人民主体思想的理论意蕴具体地展现在这一时期"两个转变"的逻辑进路中,主要通过在《<黑格尔法哲学批判>导言》和《论犹太人问题》文本中因循三重逻辑表达:以历史材料作支撑,强调人民在政治与社会活动中的主体地位;以现实问题为导向,在批判市民社会的资产阶级人权时提出人类解放;以无产阶级为人类解放的主体力量,指明人类解放的现实路径,以表达鲜明的人民主体思想。虽然该时期的马克思人民主体思想尚处于形成初期,但其中蕴藏的理论价值为促使马克思向唯物史观的探研提供了契机,同时也为探索无产阶级革命理论的发展夯实了思想基础。因此,基于《德法年鉴》时期的文本研究,呈现早期马克思人民主体思想的价值意蕴对于推进中国特色社会主义事业具有重要的启示意义。

In the period of the Almanac of Germany and France,Marx took the people’s position as the fundamental standpoint,turned from the criticism of religion to the criticism of real life,and deepened from the study of political liberation to the exploration of human liberation. The theoretical implication of Marx’s people’s subject thought was specifically shown in the logical approach of " two changes" in this period. It is mainly expressed by following three logics in Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law and On the Jewish Question. Firstly,it emphasizes the subject status of the people in political and social activities with the support of historical materials. Secondly,guided by practical problems,it puts forward human liberation while criticizing human rights of bourgeoisie in civil society. Thirdly,taking the proletariat as the main force of human liberation,it points out the realistic path of human liberation and expresses the distinct people’s subject thought. Although Marx’s thought of the subject of the people was still in its early stage,the theoretical value contained in it provided an opportunity for Marx to explore historical materialism,and also laid a solid ideological foundation for exploring the development of the theory of proletarian revolution. Therefore,based on the text research in the period of the Almanac of Germany and France,it is of great practical significance to present the value implication of early Marx’s thought of people’s subject for promoting the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.